Timing of CHolecystectomy In Severe PAncreatitis (CHISPA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Acute pancreatitis is the recurrent reason for gastrointestinal admission in a clinical urgent setting, it happens secondary to a wide array of pathologies out of which biliary disease stands as one of the most frequent causes for its presentation. Approximately 20% of pancreatitis are of moderate or severe severity. Currently, there is not a clear recommendation on timing for cholecystectomy, either early or delayed. CHISPA is a randomized controlled, parallel-group, superior clinical trial. An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed. It seeks to evaluate differences between patients taken to early cholecystectomy during hospital admission (72 hours after randomization) versus delayed cholecystectomy (30±5 days after randomization). The primary endpoint is major complications associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy defined as a Clavien-Dindo score of over III/V during the first 90 days after the procedure. Secondary endpoints include recurrence of biliary disease, minor complications (Clavien-Dindo score below III/V), days of postoperative hospital stay, and length of stay in an intensive therapy unit postoperatively (if it applies). The CHISPA trial has been designed to demonstrate that delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduces the rate of complications associated to an episode of severe biliary pancreatitis compared to early laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Trial registration number: NCT06113419.

Gallbladder empyema: An atypical manifestation of acute cholecystitis.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Acute cholecystitis is responsible for 44 % of emergency admissions to the emergency services with multiple complications such as empyema a necesitatis (EN). EN has a close relation with cholecystitis when the perforation of the gallbladder (GB) can lead to the formation of a biliary fistula. Patients can be asymptomatic, with late consultations, thus being a diagnostic challenge. Different techniques are described for cholecystitis and secondary abscess, therefore, the choice of the appropriate procedure should be the best one to reduce the high associated morbidity. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of an 89-year-old patient, admitted for a sensation of a mass in the right hypochondrium with abdominal pain. He was taken to the operating room, finding a vesicular plastron with piocholecyst and perforation into the abdominal wall with abscess and fasciitis. Subtotal cholecystectomy was performed laparoscopically and an open approach in the abdominal wall, drainage of the abscess and debridement, leaving a negative pressure system. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: EN affects elder patients with high rates of morbidity, also GB empyema, which is related with its perforation and posterior fistulization, its external spontaneous perforation is much less frequent. Fistulas originated from the biliary tract are well described in the literature, with low incidence. They are related with improved diagnostic investigations and earlier implemented treatment by antibiotics and surgery. CONCLUSION: Biliary EN represents a very unusual complication of acute cholecystitis, its atypical presentation represents a diagnostic challenge, with very few cases documented and high mortality rates. Its management represents a challenge for the general surgeon, finding different approaches and surgical behaviors to take.

Gastric adenocarcinoma: A one-of-a-kind etiology of autoimmune paraneoplastic encephalitis.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are a group of neurologic disorders that can affect any part of the nervous system and are mediated by immune pathogens produced by cancer. These disorders occur distant to a malignant tumor and are not caused by metastasis, nutritional disorders or side effects of therapy related to the tumor. CLINICAL FINDINGS: We present the case of a 47-year-old male patient who was admitted to the emergency department due to 1 month of neurological impairment including generalized tonic-clonic movements. He was admitted to the institution and was taken to multiple neurologic tests, all of which were normal, including a negative panel for onconeural antibodies. He persisted with seizures and was taken to a 24-hour video electroencephalogram which showed features consistent with moderate encephalopathy and focal epileptiform activity, which evolved into status epilepticus. Suspecting immune - mediated encephalitis, a therapeutic trial was started with methylprednisolone and plasma exchange, and a positron emission tomography was indicated. The positron emission tomography showed in the brain regions of marked hypometabolism and hypermetabolic thickening of gastric infiltrative aspect fundocorporal topography. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed in the subcardial region a mass-like lesion with an ulcer-infiltrative appearance, pathology showed an adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Autoimmune encephalitis as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of a gastric adenocarcinoma have been documented in few patients in the literature. It is important to describe and recognize clinical findings in this cases to be able to suspect malignancy and thus have early diagnosis, start treatment promptly and avoid irreversible neurological sequelae.

Cine documental y ficciones narrativas sobre justicia y trasplante de órganos / How old are you, doctor?, when we removed from the list? Movies, justice and organ transplants

Este artículo analiza, desde la perspectiva del principio de justicia distributiva, los procesos de obtención de componentes anatómicos para trasplante. Se examinan, a partir de la revisión de la literatura, la consulta de fuentes de datos estadísticos y el recurso de narrativas fílmicas, documentales y ficcionales, algunos factores que inciden en la brecha existente entre la oferta y demanda, el fenómeno del turismo de trasplantes, la obtención forzada de componentes anatómicos y algunos de los mitos divulgados por medios de comunicación que impactan negativamente la donación de órganos, tanto a nivel global como en el contexto del Sistema de Salud en Colombia. Se examinan también las nociones de justicia distributiva (equidad y utilidad) que legitiman los criterios de obtención, distribución y asignación de órganos y tejidos, partir de la categorización de estos bio-objetos como bienes sociales

This chapter analyzes, from the perspective of the principle of distributive justice, the processes of obtaining anatomical components for transplantation. Based on the review of the literature, the consultation of sources of statistical data and the use of film narratives are examined, some factors that affect the gap between supply and demand, the phenomenon of transplant tourism, forced obtaining of anatomical components and some of the myths disclosed by the media that negatively impact organ donation, both globally and in the context of the Health System in Colombia. The notions of distributive justice (equity and utility) that legitimize the criteria for obtaining, distributing and assigning organs and tissues are also examined, based on the categorization of these bio-objects as social goods